In a comprehensive analysis by the Environmental Working Group (EWG), only about 20% of the 2,784 sunscreen products evaluated are deemed safe and effective for sun protection, according to the group’s 2026 report released on May 19, reports BritPanorama.
The EWG’s guide found just 550 products met their stringent criteria, highlighting concerns about common ingredients. The report outlines recommendations for categories including the best baby and child sunscreens and top-rated daily use sunscreens, including moisturizers with sun protection factor (SPF).
To receive EWG’s recommendation, sunscreens must provide protection against both UVA and UVB rays, with particular exclusions on sprays and powders due to inhalation risks. The guide notes that manufacturers are prohibited from claiming over a SPF of 50+, with certain marketing claims such as “waterproof” also not allowed.
Consumers are often enticed by high SPF products that promise extensive protection; however, EWG emphasizes little difference in efficacy between a 50+ SPF and a 100+ SPF product, as the former can block 98% of UVB rays. Additionally, some products may overstate their SPF levels, with studies showing that sunscreens might deliver less UVA and UVB protection than advertised.
Moreover, the guide cautions against ingredients like retinyl palmitate, shown to increase cancer risk, and other harmful substances that could cause allergic reactions or toxicity. The presence of these ingredients has declined significantly, from 40% of sunscreens in 2010 to only 3% today.
Mineral versus chemical sunscreens
Among the recommended products, 497 are predominantly mineral-based, which physically block UV rays without being absorbed into the skin. This minimizes the chances of skin irritation. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has sanctioned zinc oxide and titanium dioxide for use, and advancements in formulation have improved their aesthetic on application.
In contrast, chemical sunscreens absorb UV radiation through the skin, a method that has raised safety concerns after reports indicated that several ingredients can enter the bloodstream at harmful levels after just one day of application. For example, homosalate and oxybenzone have been shown to linger in the body long after use.
Several countries, including those in the European Union, are monitoring the impact of these chemicals due to their potential endocrine-disrupting effects. Oxybenzone, in particular, has been connected to health issues, and due to environmental concerns, it faces bans in places such as Hawaii and the US Virgin Islands.
The EWG’s guide notes a significant decrease in the use of oxybenzone, falling from 70% to just 5% among sunscreens. However, it still highlights that only a handful of chemically based options are recommended, largely due to problematic ingredients.
The Personal Care Products Council has argued that raising doubts about sunscreen safety detracts from public health efforts, particularly for populations frequently exposed to sunlight. The FDA, while considering potential regulatory changes, has faced delays in updating its guidelines.
Notably, progress is being made, with the FDA recently proposing to allow the use of bemotrizinol, a chemical praised for its safety profile and efficacy in filtering UV rays. This represents one of the most significant advancements in sunscreen technology in recent years.
More than sunscreen
Experts emphasize that effective sun protection requires a multi-faceted approach, suggesting wearing protective clothing, sunglasses, and seeking shade during peak sun hours as vital components of skin health. Applying sunscreen properly is essential, with one ounce recommended for full body coverage, and reapplication every two hours necessary to maintain effectiveness.
With a growing awareness of the detrimental effects of artificial ingredients, parents are encouraged to be especially attentive when selecting sunscreens for children, who are particularly susceptible to sun damage and the potential risks associated with harmful chemicals.
As discussions around product safety continue, the narrative surrounding sun protection evolves, balancing consumer preferences with health considerations, and underscoring the importance of informed choices amidst a multitude of options available on the market.
