Famine has struck an area of Gaza and will likely spread over the next month, a global hunger monitor determined today.
The assessment will likely escalate pressure on Israel to allow more humanitarian aid into the war-torn Palestinian territory.
The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification system said 514,000 people – nearly a quarter of Palestinians in Gaza – are experiencing famine and that was due to rise to 641,000 by the end of September.
Some 280,000 of those people are in a northern region covering Gaza City – known as Gaza governorate – which the IPC said was in famine, its first such determination in the enclave.
The rest are in Deir al-Balah and Khan Younis – central and southern areas that the IPC projected would be in famine by the end of next month.
Israel dismissed the report as “false and biased”, with the military body that coordinates aid deliveries into Gaza saying the IPC had based its survey on “partial data originating from the Hamas Terrorist Organisation”.
For a region to be classified as in famine at least 20% of people must be suffering extreme food shortages, with one in three children acutely malnourished and two people out of every 10,000 dying daily from starvation or malnutrition and disease.
Even if a region has not yet been classified as in famine because those thresholds have not been met, the IPC can determine that households there are suffering famine conditions, which it describes as starvation, destitution and death.
UN human rights chief Volker Türk said today that famine in Gaza was the direct result of Israeli government actions, and warned that deaths from starvation could amount to a war crime.
The IPC analysis comes after Britain, Canada, Australia and many European states said the humanitarian crisis had reached “unimaginable levels” after nearly two years of war between Israel and Palestinian militants Hamas.
UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres has long warned of an “epic humanitarian catastrophe” in the territory of more than two million people.
UN aid chief Tom Fletcher said the famine situation should “haunt us all” and was entirely preventable had the United Nations not been systematically prevented from bringing in food.
“It is a famine that we could have prevented if we had been allowed. Yet food stacks up at borders because of systematic obstruction by Israel,” Mr Fletcher told reporters in Geneva, calling it “a famine that will and must haunt us all”.
US President Donald Trump last month said many people there were starving, putting him at odds with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, who has repeatedly said there was no starvation.
Israel controls all access to Gaza. COGAT, the arm of the Israeli military that oversees aid flows, said today the IPC report ignored Israeli data on aid deliveries and overlooked a recent increase in food supplies taken into the territory.
“COGAT firmly rejects the claim of famine in the Gaza Strip, and particularly in Gaza City,” the agency said, denouncing the report as “unprofessional”.
The UN has long complained of obstacles to getting aid into Gaza and distributing it throughout the war zone, blaming impediments on Israel and lawlessness. Israel has been critical of the UN-led operation and accuses Hamas of stealing aid, which the militants deny.
The IPC said the analysis released today only covered people living in Gaza, Deir al-Balah and Khan Younis governorates. It was unable to classify North Gaza governorate due to access restrictions and a lack of data and it excluded any remaining population in the southern Rafah region as it is largely uninhabited.
It is the fifth time in the past 14 years that a famine has been determined by the IPC – an initiative involving 21 aid groups, United Nations agencies and regional organisations that is funded by the European Union, Germany, Britain and Canada.
The IPC has previously assessed that there was famine in areas of Somalia in 2011, South Sudan in 2017 and 2020, and Sudan in 2024. The IPC says it does not declare famine, but instead provides analysis for governments and others to do so.
A Reuters/Ipsos poll released this week found that 65% of Americans believe the US should help those starving in Gaza.
Israel has long counted on the US, its most powerful ally, for military aid and diplomatic support. An erosion of US public support would be a worrisome sign for Israel as it faces not only Hamas militants in Gaza but unresolved conflict with Iran, its regional arch-foe.
The war in Gaza was triggered on 7 October 2023, when Hamas killed 1,200 people in southern Israel and took some 250 hostages, according to Israeli tallies. Since then, Israel’s military campaign has killed more than 62,000 Palestinians, according to Gaza health authorities.
The United States, Qatar and Egypt have been trying to broker an end to the conflict.
Earlier, ActionAid said “time has run out” for the people of Gaza and accused the international community of inaction, which has allowed atrocities there to continue.
Speaking on RTÉ’s Morning Ireland, the charity’s Advocacy and Communications Director said the world has failed to stop the war, and called on the world’s leaders to act now.
Riham Jafari said: “The time has run out for the people of Gaza. There is no time for words or statements, the time should be allocated for action.
“The silence and inaction of the world and international community allowed those atrocities to continue and to be committed against people, women, children of Gaza.”
Ms Jafari said the Israeli military’s plan to take over Gaza City will displace “around one million people” who do not have anywhere else to go.
It is a “death sentence to the people of Gaza”, she added.
“This will be another disaster, another atrocity, that will end the lives of many people in Gaza. Many victims will be killed in this military operation. A million people will be displaced without knowing where to go or if they will be able to find shelter.”
