The brains of individuals aged 80 and above, identified as “SuperAgers,” demonstrate a remarkable capacity for neuron regeneration, producing twice the number of young neurons compared to cognitively healthy adults and 2.5 times more than those with Alzheimer’s disease, according to a recent study, reports BritPanorama.
The research, conducted by scientists at Northwestern University, reveals that SuperAgers possess unique neurological characteristics that support the maintenance and growth of brain cells. Study coauthor Dr. Tamar Gefen noted, “This shows the aging brain has the capacity to regenerate — that’s huge.”
Young neurons are crucial for brain adaptability; they integrate and function effectively within existing neural frameworks. Gefen explained that SuperAgers exhibit a high presence of these immature neurons, which correlates with enhanced cognitive abilities even in advanced age.
Additionally, the study observed that SuperAger brains possess a more substantial support system in the hippocampus, a region integral to memory function. These findings underscore the biological underpinnings that contribute to the neurogenesis observed in this demographic.
“SuperAgers have a unique cellular environment in their hippocampus which supports neurogenesis,” Gefen stated. She emphasized that this supports the notion of SuperAgers having remarkable cognitive health despite their age.
Neurogenesis is the process by which new neurons form and is essential for brain plasticity, especially in maintaining cognitive function amidst injuries and aging-related decline. Senior author Orly Lazarov confirmed the presence of more newly developed neurons in SuperAgers compared to younger adults, indicating a resilience to the aging process.
“The profile of neurogenesis in the SuperAgers shows resilience,” Lazarov remarked, noting their capability to withstand cognitive decline over time.
While genetics may play a role, there is evidence suggesting that lifestyle choices can significantly influence cognitive health. Dr. Richard Isaacson, an Alzheimer’s prevention researcher, highlighted that factors such as diet, exercise, and stress management can bolster brain health.
What is a ‘SuperAger’?
A SuperAger is defined as an individual over 80 who has undergone rigorous cognitive testing to measure their ability to recall information. Emily Rogalski, a professor of neurology at the University of Chicago, noted that these individuals exhibit exceptional episodic memory that transcends mere intelligence.
Despite sharing some traits such as positivity and ongoing mental challenges, SuperAgers present a varied picture when it comes to health behaviors. Gefen observed, “We have SuperAgers with heart disease, diabetes, who aren’t physically active, who don’t eat any better than their similar-age peers.”
Research reveals that SuperAgers’ brains display a morphological advantage. Analyses indicate that critical areas of the brain, including the cingulate cortex and hippocampus, are structurally superior compared to younger adults, allowing for improved cognitive function.
Emerging findings suggest that the mechanisms underlying these observations involve a supportive ecosystem for brain health. “Those fat, juicy entorhinal neurons may not just be bigger, they may also be embedded in this enhanced ecosystem,” Gefen explained.
The study represents a significant advancement in understanding neurogenesis, suggesting that the environment of brain cells and their interactions play crucial roles in cognitive resilience. Ongoing research aims to clarify these complex relationships and their contributions to brain health over time.
The potential for brain regeneration and neuroplasticity in aging populations presents a pivotal frontier in neuroscience, opening avenues for targeted interventions in cognitive health.
